{
 "$schema": "https://jasvel.org/api/v1/openapi.json",
 "id": "glossary",
 "title": "Jass glossary — the Swiss terms of art",
 "description": "Every term used at a Jass table, defined in English, German and French, with the Romandie alternative where there is one.",
 "url": "https://jasvel.org/api/v1/glossary.json",
 "documentation": "https://jasvel.org/api/",
 "generated": "2026-09-17T06:57:25.920Z",
 "publisher": {
  "name": "Jasvel",
  "legal_name": "Vast Flow, LLP",
  "url": "https://jasvel.org/",
  "documentation": "https://jasvel.org/api/",
  "contact": "support@jasvel.org",
  "compiled_by": {
   "name": "Merey Tleugazin",
   "url": "https://jasvel.org/about/",
   "note": "Not a Jass federation and not a rules authority. The numbers here are a port of the Jasvel app engine, checked against the published Swiss rule sets named in sources.json; where those sources disagree with each other, every variant is carried rather than one being picked silently."
  }
 },
 "licence": {
  "id": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Jasvel (https://jasvel.org)",
  "covers": "The compilation: the machine-readable rule tables, the variant sets, the glossary and every derived total. Use it commercially, modify it, redistribute it; credit Jasvel with a link. The rules of the game themselves belong to nobody."
 },
 "reference_sources": [
  {
   "id": "jassverzeichnis",
   "name": "Schweizer Jassverzeichnis",
   "url": "https://jassverzeichnis.ch/",
   "supplies": "Schieber, Coiffeur and Differenzler rule pages, and the Jasstafel notation.",
   "language": "de"
  },
  {
   "id": "swisslos",
   "name": "Swisslos",
   "url": "https://www.swisslos.ch/de/jass/informationen/jass-regeln.html",
   "supplies": "The published multiplier table that gives Obenabe and Undenufe ×3 alike.",
   "language": "de"
  },
  {
   "id": "pagat",
   "name": "pagat.com — John McLeod",
   "url": "https://www.pagat.com/jass/schieber.html",
   "supplies": "The English-language reference description of Schieber and Coiffeur.",
   "language": "en"
  },
  {
   "id": "jass-geneve",
   "name": "Jass Genève",
   "url": "https://www.jass-geneve.ch/regleschibre.html",
   "supplies": "The Romandie vocabulary and the local reading of the chibre.",
   "language": "fr"
  },
  {
   "id": "jasvel-engine",
   "name": "Jasvel app engine",
   "url": "https://jasvel.org/jasvel-app/",
   "supplies": "Every number in these tables. The engine reproduces 281 pinned reference vectors, so the app and this API cannot disagree about a score.",
   "language": "en"
  }
 ],
 "scope_limits": {
  "no_single_authority": "Schieber is a folk game with regional tables, and this API refuses to name one of them as the correct one. Where a rule is contested — the Obenabe and Undenufe multipliers above all — every variant is returned with the table it belongs to. A consumer that quotes one of them as \"the rule\" has changed what this data says.",
  "no_play_advice_as_rules": "Tactical pages are opinion and are marked as such. Only the rule tables are normative.",
  "no_gambling": "No stakes, odds, betting or money. Jasvel is a card game reference and an offline single-player app; nothing here supports playing for money.",
  "no_online_play": "The Jasvel app has no online play, no multiplayer and no human opponents. This is the app's own published contract and it is repeated here because an agent that promises a reader otherwise has promised something that does not exist."
 },
 "not_published": [
  {
   "what": "The computer opponents' card-play logic.",
   "why": "It is the app, not the rules. Publishing the rules of Schieber gives away nothing that is anybody's to keep; publishing how the three opponents choose a card would be publishing the product.",
   "instead": "https://jasvel.org/jasvel-app/"
  },
  {
   "what": "Anything played in the app — hands, scores, settings, identifiers.",
   "why": "The app is offline and keeps its game state on the device. There is nothing on a server that could be published, and publishing it is not something a player agreed to.",
   "instead": "https://jasvel.org/privacy/"
  },
  {
   "what": "The prose of the Swiss rule sets in sources.json.",
   "why": "Those pages are cited so a disputed number can be checked at its own source. Their wording is theirs; only the numbers, which nobody owns, are reproduced here.",
   "instead": "https://jassverzeichnis.ch/"
  }
 ],
 "count": 30,
 "page": {
  "en": "https://jasvel.org/jass-glossary/",
  "de": "https://jasvel.org/de/jass-lexikon/",
  "fr": "https://jasvel.org/fr/lexique-du-jass/"
 },
 "note": "These terms are not translated on this site and should not be translated by a consumer either. Weis, Stöck, Obenabe, Undenufe, Puur and Nell are what the cards and the calls are CALLED, in every language spoken at a Swiss table. Replacing one with an English or French paraphrase produces text no player recognises.",
 "data": [
  {
   "id": "jass",
   "term": "Jass",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The family of Swiss trick-taking card games played with 36 cards, and the national card game of Switzerland. Schieber is its most played form.",
    "de": "Die Familie der Schweizer Stichkartenspiele mit 36 Karten und das Nationalkartenspiel der Schweiz. Der Schieber ist ihre meistgespielte Form.",
    "fr": "La famille des jeux de plis suisses à 36 cartes, et le jeu de cartes national de la Suisse. Le chibre en est la forme la plus jouée."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "schieber",
   "term": "Schieber",
   "also_called": {
    "fr": "chibre"
   },
   "definition": {
    "en": "Jass for four players in two fixed teams, named after the right of the forehand to push the choice of contract across to their partner exactly once.",
    "de": "Jass zu viert in zwei festen Teams, benannt nach dem Recht der Vorderhand, die Trumpfwahl genau einmal zum Partner hinüberzuschieben.",
    "fr": "Le jass à quatre en deux équipes fixes, nommé d’après le droit du premier joueur de « chibrer » une seule fois, c’est-à-dire de passer le choix du contrat à son partenaire."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "trumpf",
   "term": "Trumpf",
   "also_called": {
    "fr": "atout"
   },
   "definition": {
    "en": "The suit that beats every other suit for the round. Its Under is worth 20 and its nine 14, so the trump suit alone holds 62 of the 152 card points.",
    "de": "Die Farbe, die für die Runde jede andere schlägt. Ihr Under zählt 20 und ihr Nell 14, weshalb die Trumpffarbe allein 62 der 152 Kartenpunkte trägt.",
    "fr": "La couleur qui bat toutes les autres pour la manche. Son valet vaut 20 et son neuf 14, si bien que l’atout porte à lui seul 62 des 152 points."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "obenabe",
   "term": "Obenabe",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "A contract with no trump in which the cards keep their ordinary strength, ace high. Every eight is worth 8 points, and the pack still totals 152.",
    "de": "Eine Trumpfart ohne Trumpf, bei der die Karten ihre gewöhnliche Stärke behalten, das Ass zuoberst. Jeder Achter zählt 8 Punkte, das Spiel ergibt weiterhin 152.",
    "fr": "Un contrat sans atout où les cartes gardent leur force habituelle, l’as en tête. Chaque huit vaut 8 points, et le jeu totalise toujours 152."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "undenufe",
   "term": "Undenufe",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "A contract with no trump played upside down: the six is the strongest card and the ace the weakest. The six is worth 11 and the ace nothing.",
    "de": "Eine Trumpfart ohne Trumpf, von unten gespielt: die Sechs ist die stärkste Karte, das Ass die schwächste. Die Sechs zählt 11, das Ass nichts.",
    "fr": "Un contrat sans atout joué à l’envers : le six est la carte la plus forte et l’as la plus faible. Le six vaut 11 points et l’as zéro."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "weis",
   "term": "Weis",
   "also_called": {
    "fr": "annonce"
   },
   "definition": {
    "en": "A meld shown on the first trick: three or more cards in sequence in one suit, or four of a kind. Only the team holding the single best Weis writes anything, and it writes both partners’ melds.",
    "de": "Eine Meldung im ersten Stich: drei oder mehr aufeinanderfolgende Karten einer Farbe oder ein Vierling. Nur die Partei mit dem einzelnen besten Weis schreibt, dafür den Weis beider Partner.",
    "fr": "Une combinaison montrée au premier pli : au moins trois cartes qui se suivent dans une couleur, ou un carré. Seule l’équipe qui détient la meilleure annonce inscrit quelque chose, et elle inscrit celles des deux partenaires."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "stoeck",
   "term": "Stöck",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The king and Ober of the trump suit in one hand, worth 20 points. It is credited to that team whatever happens with Weis, and it does not exist in Obenabe or Undenufe.",
    "de": "König und Ober der Trumpffarbe in einer Hand, 20 Punkte wert. Sie werden der Partei gutgeschrieben, unabhängig vom Weis-Vergleich, und gibt es bei Obenabe und Undenufe nicht.",
    "fr": "Le roi et la dame d’atout dans la même main, valant 20 points. Ils sont crédités à l’équipe quoi qu’il arrive avec les annonces, et n’existent ni en obenabe ni en undenufe."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "puur",
   "term": "Puur",
   "also_called": {
    "en": "Under",
    "fr": "buur"
   },
   "definition": {
    "en": "The Under of the trump suit — the highest card in the pack during a trump contract, worth 20 points. A player is never forced to play it.",
    "de": "Der Under der Trumpffarbe — die höchste Karte des Spiels bei einem Trumpfvertrag, 20 Punkte wert. Man muss ihn nie spielen.",
    "fr": "Le valet d’atout — la carte la plus forte du jeu dans un contrat à atout, valant 20 points. On n’est jamais obligé de le jouer."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "nell",
   "term": "Nell",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The nine of the trump suit, the second highest card in a trump contract and worth 14 points. Outside the trump suit a nine is worth nothing.",
    "de": "Der Neuner der Trumpffarbe, die zweithöchste Karte im Trumpfvertrag und 14 Punkte wert. Ausserhalb der Trumpffarbe zählt ein Neuner nichts.",
    "fr": "Le neuf d’atout, deuxième carte la plus forte du contrat et valant 14 points. Hors atout, un neuf ne vaut rien."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "banner",
   "term": "Banner",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The ten, worth 10 points in every contract. In the strength order it sits below the Under and above the nine, which surprises players who come from other card games.",
    "de": "Der Zehner, in jeder Trumpfart 10 Punkte wert. In der Reihenfolge steht er unter dem Under und über dem Neuner, was Umsteiger aus anderen Kartenspielen überrascht.",
    "fr": "Le dix, valant 10 points dans tous les contrats. Dans l’ordre de force il se place sous le valet et au-dessus du neuf, ce qui surprend qui vient d’autres jeux."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "ober",
   "term": "Ober",
   "also_called": {
    "fr": "dame"
   },
   "definition": {
    "en": "The Swiss-German court card that corresponds to the queen of a French deck, worth 3 points.",
    "de": "Die deutschschweizer Bildkarte, die der Dame des französischen Blattes entspricht, 3 Punkte wert.",
    "fr": "La figure suisse alémanique qui correspond à la dame du jeu français, valant 3 points."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "stich",
   "term": "Stich",
   "also_called": {
    "fr": "pli"
   },
   "definition": {
    "en": "One round of four cards, one from each player. The winner leads the next; the ninth and last trick is worth 5 extra points.",
    "de": "Ein Umgang mit vier Karten, je eine pro Person. Wer ihn gewinnt, spielt den nächsten an; der neunte und letzte Stich gibt 5 Punkte extra.",
    "fr": "Un tour de quatre cartes, une par joueur. Le gagnant entame le suivant ; le neuvième et dernier pli rapporte 5 points de plus."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "match",
   "term": "Match",
   "also_called": {
    "de": "Matsch"
   },
   "definition": {
    "en": "All nine tricks taken by one team, worth 100 points on top of the round, for a total of 257.",
    "de": "Alle neun Stiche für eine Partei, 100 Punkte zusätzlich zur Runde, insgesamt also 257.",
    "fr": "Les neuf plis pris par une même équipe : 100 points en plus de la manche, soit 257 au total."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "jasstafel",
   "term": "Jasstafel",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The slate board the score is chalked on, divided into two columns. Hundreds are written on the top row, fifties in the middle and twenties at the bottom.",
    "de": "Die Schiefertafel, auf die mit Kreide geschrieben wird, in zwei Spalten geteilt. Hunderter kommen in die obere Reihe, Fünfziger in die mittlere, Zwanziger nach unten.",
    "fr": "L’ardoise sur laquelle on inscrit le score à la craie, divisée en deux colonnes. Les centaines vont sur la rangée du haut, les cinquantaines au milieu, les vingtaines en bas."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "schieben",
   "term": "Schieben",
   "also_called": {
    "fr": "chibrer"
   },
   "definition": {
    "en": "Pushing the choice of contract across the table to your partner, who must then choose. It may be done once and never pushed back.",
    "de": "Die Trumpfwahl über den Tisch zum Partner schieben, der dann wählen muss. Das geht einmal und wird nie zurückgeschoben.",
    "fr": "Passer le choix du contrat à son partenaire, qui doit alors décider. Cela se fait une seule fois et ne se renvoie jamais."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "farbzwang",
   "term": "Farbzwang",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The obligation to follow the suit that was led if you hold it. In a trump contract you may play a trump instead, but you may not discard another suit.",
    "de": "Der Zwang, die angespielte Farbe zu bedienen, wenn man sie hat. Beim Trumpfvertrag darf man stattdessen trumpfen, aber keine andere Farbe abwerfen.",
    "fr": "L’obligation de fournir la couleur entamée quand on l’a. Dans un contrat à atout on peut couper à la place, mais pas se défausser d’une autre couleur."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "untertrumpfen",
   "term": "Untertrumpfen",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "Playing a trump lower than a trump already on the trick. It is forbidden unless your hand is nothing but trumps, in which case you must.",
    "de": "Einen Trumpf spielen, der tiefer ist als ein bereits liegender Trumpf. Das ist verboten, ausser man hat nur noch Trumpf — dann muss man.",
    "fr": "Jouer un atout plus faible qu’un atout déjà posé. C’est interdit, sauf si la main ne contient plus que des atouts, auquel cas c’est obligatoire."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "vorderhand",
   "term": "Vorderhand",
   "also_called": {
    "en": "forehand"
   },
   "definition": {
    "en": "The player to the dealer’s right, who chooses the contract and leads the first trick. Play runs counter-clockwise, which is why it is the right and not the left.",
    "de": "Die Person rechts vom Geber, die den Trumpf bestimmt und den ersten Stich anspielt. Gespielt wird im Gegenuhrzeigersinn — daher rechts und nicht links.",
    "fr": "Le joueur à la droite du donneur, qui choisit le contrat et entame le premier pli. Le jeu tourne dans le sens inverse des aiguilles, d’où la droite et non la gauche."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "coiffeur",
   "term": "Coiffeur",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "A Schieber variant in which nobody chooses: each team plays every contract exactly once, each with its own factor, and only the tens of a round are written down.",
    "de": "Eine Schieber-Variante, bei der niemand wählt: Jede Partei spielt jede Trumpfart genau einmal, jede mit eigenem Faktor, und geschrieben werden nur die Zehner der Runde.",
    "fr": "Une variante du chibre où personne ne choisit : chaque équipe joue chaque contrat exactement une fois, chacun avec son facteur, et on n’inscrit que les dizaines de la manche."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "differenzler",
   "term": "Differenzler",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "A Jass for four individuals in which each predicts their own trick points before the first card. The difference between prediction and result is the score, and the lowest total wins.",
    "de": "Ein Jass für vier Einzelspieler, bei dem jede Person vor der ersten Karte ihre eigenen Stichpunkte ansagt. Die Differenz zwischen Ansage und Ergebnis ist der Punktestand — wer am wenigsten hat, gewinnt.",
    "fr": "Un jass à quatre joueurs individuels où chacun annonce ses propres points avant la première carte. La différence entre l’annonce et le résultat fait le score, et le plus bas total gagne."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "slalom",
   "term": "Slalom",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "A Coiffeur contract that alternates between Obenabe and Undenufe from trick to trick, starting with whichever the name specifies.",
    "de": "Eine Coiffeur-Trumpfart, die von Stich zu Stich zwischen Obenabe und Undenufe wechselt, beginnend mit dem, was der Name nennt.",
    "fr": "Un contrat de coiffeur qui alterne obenabe et undenufe d’un pli à l’autre, en commençant par celui que le nom indique."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "guschti",
   "term": "Guschti",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "A Coiffeur contract of five tricks one way and four the other — five Obenabe then four Undenufe, or the reverse. Also called Mary or Gusti.",
    "de": "Eine Coiffeur-Trumpfart mit fünf Stichen in der einen und vier in der anderen Richtung — fünf Obenabe, dann vier Undenufe, oder umgekehrt. Auch Mary oder Gusti genannt.",
    "fr": "Un contrat de coiffeur de cinq plis dans un sens et quatre dans l’autre — cinq obenabe puis quatre undenufe, ou l’inverse. Aussi appelé Mary ou Gusti."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "bock",
   "term": "Bock",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "A free choice of contract in Coiffeur, usually printed as a joker column and carrying the highest factor on the sheet.",
    "de": "Die freie Wahl der Trumpfart beim Coiffeur, meist als Joker-Spalte gedruckt und mit dem höchsten Faktor der Tabelle.",
    "fr": "Le libre choix du contrat au coiffeur, imprimé le plus souvent comme colonne joker et portant le facteur le plus élevé de la feuille."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "jassgrenze",
   "term": "Jassgrenze",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The Brünig-Napf-Reuss line, east of which Jass is played with Swiss-German cards and west of which the French deck is used.",
    "de": "Die Brünig-Napf-Reuss-Linie: östlich davon wird mit deutschschweizer Karten gejasst, westlich davon mit französischen.",
    "fr": "La ligne Brünig-Napf-Reuss : à l’est on jasse avec les cartes suisses alémaniques, à l’ouest avec les cartes françaises."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "schellen",
   "term": "Schellen",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The bells: the Swiss-German suit that corresponds to diamonds in a French deck.",
    "de": "Die Schellen: die deutschschweizer Farbe, die im französischen Blatt den Ecken entspricht.",
    "fr": "Les grelots : la couleur suisse alémanique qui correspond au carreau du jeu français."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "schilten",
   "term": "Schilten",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The shields: the Swiss-German suit that corresponds to spades.",
    "de": "Die Schilten: die deutschschweizer Farbe, die den Schaufeln entspricht.",
    "fr": "Les écus : la couleur suisse alémanique qui correspond au pique."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "rosen",
   "term": "Rosen",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The roses: the Swiss-German suit that corresponds to hearts.",
    "de": "Die Rosen: die deutschschweizer Farbe, die dem Herz entspricht.",
    "fr": "Les roses : la couleur suisse alémanique qui correspond au cœur."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "eicheln",
   "term": "Eicheln",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "The acorns: the Swiss-German suit that corresponds to clubs.",
    "de": "Die Eicheln: die deutschschweizer Farbe, die dem Kreuz entspricht.",
    "fr": "Les glands : la couleur suisse alémanique qui correspond au trèfle."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "handjass",
   "term": "Handjass",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "Jass for two players, dealt from the hand with a talon, keeping the trump ranking and the melds of the four-handed game.",
    "de": "Jass zu zweit, aus der Hand gegeben mit einem Talon, mit der Trumpfreihenfolge und dem Weis des Viererspiels.",
    "fr": "Le jass à deux, distribué avec un talon, qui garde l’ordre d’atout et les annonces du jeu à quatre."
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "bergpreis",
   "term": "Bergpreis",
   "also_called": null,
   "definition": {
    "en": "A side prize in some tournaments for the team leading when the score passes the halfway mark of the target.",
    "de": "Ein Nebenpreis an manchen Turnieren für die Partei, die beim Überschreiten der halben Zielpunktzahl führt.",
    "fr": "Un prix annexe, dans certains tournois, pour l’équipe en tête au moment où le score dépasse la moitié de l’objectif."
   }
  }
 ]
}